Isithombe 1. Isithombe somkhiqizo wochungechunge lwe-Lanbao PDA ekhasini lomkhiqizo elisemthethweni. Isithombe sibonisa umndeni womkhiqizo; qinisekisa isijobelelo esiphelele semodeli ngaphambi kokusebenzisa imininingwane. Umthombo [2].

Ukuphindaphindeka okuhlukile kwezinye izincazelo zokulinganisa

Ukuphindaphinda kuphathelene nokusabalala kokubuka okulandelanayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezingashintshile. Ukuphindaphinda kuhlola izimo ezishintshile, njengomunye umqhubi, okunye ukufakwa, noma olunye usuku. I-NIST ihlukanisa le mibono futhi incoma ukuthi ichaze ukuthi ukunemba kuvezwa kanjani, kufaka phakathi isilinganiso sezibalo esifanele.

Isixazululo siwukukhula okuncane kakhulu okubonisiwe noma okuhlukanisekayo. Isibonisi singabonisa ukwanda okuncane ngenkathi ukufundwa okungaphansi kuzulazula ngenani elikhulu. Ukubandlulula umehluko ohlelekile kusuka enanini lokubhekisela. Ukulingana kuchaza ukusuka ebuhlotsheni obucacisiwe kulo lonke ububanzi bokulinganisa. Inzwa ingabuyisa ngokuphindaphindiwe inani elifanayo elingalungile, ngakho-ke ukuphindaphinda okuhle kakhulu akukwazi ukususa iphutha lokulinganisa.

Funda imininingwane yephesenti ngokucophelela. Ngesilinganiso esigcwele esingu-30 mm, u-±0.1% uhambelana no-±0.030 mm, noma u-±30 μm. Lokho kubalwa kuguqula imininingwane esekelwe ebangeni ibe amayunithi obunjiniyela awusizo. Akusho ukuthi yonke imilinganiselo inalelo phutha, futhi ayiguquli ukulingana kube ukuphindaphindeka.

Buza ukuthi inombolo yokuphindaphinda imelelani ngempela

Izingcaphuno ezimbili zingasho ama-20 μm futhi zichaze ukusebenza okuhlukile. Umhlinzeki oyedwa angabika ukuphambuka okujwayelekile okuthathu; omunye angabika lonke ibanga elibonwe kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni. Imiphumela yokufika ekugcineni incike ekubalweni kwamasampula kanye nezibalo ezingaphandle. Cela indlela yokubala, inani lamasampula, ukufundwa okungavuthiwe lapho kutholakala khona, nokuthi inombolo ingumkhawulo noma umphumela ojwayelekile.

Idokhumenti yochungechunge lwe-PDA-CR50 oluzinikele lukaLanbao ikhomba ikhadi elimhlophe elibonisa ukukhanya okungu-90%, izimo ezingu-23 ±5°C, ukuphakelwa kwe-VDC okungu-24, kanye nokufudumeza kwemizuzu engu-30. Iphinde ikhulume ngesikhathi sokusampula esingu-2 ms kanye nesilinganiso samasampula angu-100 kumanothi ayo okuhlola. [1] Ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa ikhotheshini naleyo dokhumenti, buza ukuthi lezo zilungiselelo zihlobana kanjani nesikhathi sokuphendula esicashuniwe kanye nokuphindaphindwa. Ungacabangi ukuthi umphumela welabhorethri ohlungiwe umelela imodi yokusebenza esheshayo.

Ukuze uqhathanise ukuthenga, qandisa iresiphi eyodwa yokulinganisa. Chaza inhloso, ibanga lokubhekisela, ukuqondiswa kobuso, isikhathi sokuzinza, isikhathi sokuthola, isikhombimsebenzisi sokukhipha, kanye nokuhlunga. Cela ukuhlolwa okulinganayo kumhlinzeki ngamunye ofanelekayo. Lapho izilungiselelo ezilinganayo zingenakwenzeka, chaza umehluko ngokucacile esikhundleni sokubeka izinombolo ezingenalutho ezingeni.

Qonda ukuthi kungani izindawo zangempela zishintsha umphumela

Izinzwa eziningi zokuhambisa i-laser ezikude zisebenzisa i-optical triangulation. Umamukeli ubona indawo yokukhanya okubonakalayo, futhi uhlelo lokucubungula luhlela leyo ndawo nebanga. Ngakho-ke izimo zomphezulu zingathonya ukulinganiswa ngisho nalapho ibanga elibonakalayo lihlala lingaguquki. Umphumela kumele uhlolwe ngomklamo othile we-optical kanye nengxenye.

Indawo ecwebezelayo ingaqondisa ukukhanya okuwusizo kude nesamukeli noma idale ukubonakaliswa okuqinile kwe-specular. Izindawo ezimnyama zingase zinikeze ukukhanya okuncane okubuyisiwe. Ukuthungwa kungashintsha isignali ebonwayo njengoba izici ezahlukene zobuso zidlula endaweni. Emaphethelweni, indawo ekhanyisiwe ingase ihlanganise ukuphakama okubili. Indawo enkulu ingalinganisa imininingwane yendawo okuhloswe ukuthi ihlolwe iyixazulule.

Faka inzwa ukuze izindlela ezikhishwayo nezamukelwe zihlale zingaphazanyiswa kulo lonke ukunyakaza okulindelekile. Hlola amaphakethe, imiphetho ephakanyisiwe, kanye nezinto ezifakiwe ukuze uthole isithunzi esibonakalayo. Sebenzisa ububanzi bangempela bokuqedwa kwendawo, kufaka phakathi ukuhlukahluka kokukhiqiza okwamukelekayo. Ukuhlola isampula eyodwa ekhangayo kungafihla imodi yokwehluleka evela ngemuva kokufika kweqoqo lezinto ezilandelayo.

Yakha isabelomali sephutha lokuhlola ngaphambi kokukhetha ihadiwe

Qala ngokubekezelelana kokudweba kanye nomphumela wokwamukela okungamanga noma ukwenqatshwa okungamanga. Hlela umnikelo wokulinganisa ovumelekile nethimba lekhwalithi. Isilinganiso esilinganiselwe sokulinganisa-ukubekezelelana singaba yinhloso yangaphakathi ewusizo, kodwa asikho isilinganiso esisodwa esifakazela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukufaneleka kwawo wonke umkhiqizo noma izinga lobungozi.

Cabanga ngokubekezelela ukuphakama okufanekisayo kusukela ku-9.80 kuya ku-10.20 mm, ububanzi obuphelele obungu-0.40 mm. Ake sithi ukuhlolwa komshayeli kuveza ukuphambuka okujwayelekile okungaguquki okungu-0.006 mm. Ukuphambuka okujwayelekile okuyisithupha kuhlanganisa u-0.036 mm, noma u-9% wobubanzi bokubekezelela. Lokhu ukubalwa kokuhlola kwalolo vivinyo olungaguquki, hhayi umphumela wokwamukelwa kwegeji ephelele. Akubandakanyi ukubekwa kabusha, ukubandlulula, izinga lokushisa, kanye nemiphumela yesikhathi eside.

Uma iminikelo yokungaqiniseki ejwayelekile ezimele ilinganiselwa ku-6 μm yomsindo wenzwa, u-8 μm wokubeka kabusha, kanye no-4 μm wokutholwa, i-root-sum-square yazo cishe ingu-10.8 μm. Lokhu kubalwa kusebenza kuphela uma izilinganiso zabelana ngesisekelo esifanayo futhi ukucabanga kokuzimela kunengqondo. Imiphumela ehlobene, ukubandlulula okungalungiswanga, kanye nemikhawulo ephezulu ecacisiwe kudinga ukwelashwa okuhlukile; akufanele kufakwe ngokungaboni kufomula efanayo.

Ngakho-ke ingxoxo yokuthenga ewusizo iqala ngesabelomali sohlelo lokusebenza. Uma i-fixture ibusa ukuhlukahluka, inzwa ebiza kakhulu ingase ingeze inani elincane. Uma imiphumela engaphezulu ibusa, ukushintsha i-geometry noma ubuchwepheshe bokuzwa kungabalulekile kunenani elincane lokuphindaphinda kwekhathalogi.

Qinisekisa izilinganiso ezimile nezihambayo ngokwehlukana

Sebenzisa ireferensi elandelekayo noma isigaba sokufuduka esilinganiselwe esifanele ukuhlola izindawo ezaziwayo. Ukungaqiniseki kwereferensi kumele kufane nesinqumo esenziwayo. Qopha izimo ze-ambient bese uvumela uhlelo luzinze ngokusho komkhiqizi. Gcina izilungiselelo kanye nedatha eluhlaza ukuze umphumela uphindwe ngemva kokufakwa.

1. Kala ireferensi eyodwa eqondile ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze uthole umsindo wesikhashana.

2. Susa bese ushintsha ingxenye efanayo ukuze uveze ukuhlukahluka kokulayisha kanye nokufakwa.

3. Kala izingxenye ezimele kulo lonke ibanga elidingekayo kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo.

4. Phinda ngesivinini sokukhiqiza ngendlela yangempela yokuqalisa kanye nendlela yokuthola.

5. Phinda ngemva kokufudumeza, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nokuhlanza noma ukulungisa okuvamile.

6. Qhathanisa imiphumela nemikhawulo okuvunyelwene ngayo bese uphenya ukwehluleka ngaphambi kokukhishwa.

Lawa manani ayizindawo zokuqala eziphakanyisiwe, hhayi osayizi besampula abavunyelwe ngokujwayelekile. Khulisa ukumbozwa ngokuya ngokuhlukahluka kwenqubo, izidingo zokuzethemba, kanye nezindleko zesinqumo esingalungile. Isivivinyo esifushane singabona inkinga ngaphandle kokubonisa ukuthembeka kwesikhathi eside.

Linganisa isilinganiso ngokumelene nesivinini somugqa

Ukulinganisa kunganciphisa umsindo ongahleliwe, kodwa futhi kungabambezela umphumela futhi kulungise isici okufanele sitholakale. Kumasampula angahleliwe azimele, ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kwesilinganiso kwehla ngempande yesikwele senani lesampula. Umsindo ohlobene, ukuzulazula kancane, kanye namaphutha ancike ebusweni akulandeli ngempela lokho kuthuthuka.

Ekuhlolweni kokunyakaza okufanekisayo, isici esingu-5 mm esihamba ngesivinini esingu-0.5 m/s sihlala ngaphansi kwendawo yokulinganisa iphuzu cishe nge-10 ms. Ukusethwa kwempendulo okungu-40 ms okujwayelekile kuyisikhathi eside kunalelo windi lokubuka. Isici singancishiswa noma sixutshwe nendawo esizungezile. Ukusethwa okusheshayo kungadingeka, kulandelwe ukuhlolwa okusha kokuphindaphinda kuleyo ndawo.

Bala ukubambezeleka kwe-trigger, isikhathi sokuskena isilawuli, izibuyekezo zokuxhumana, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukulinganiselwa okwenziwe ku-PLC. Isibonisi senzwa singabonakala sizinzile ngenkathi i-PLC ifunda idatha endala noma ehlungiwe ngendlela ehlukile. Hlola inani elisetshenziswe ngempela esinqumweni sokukhiqiza.

Hlola imithetho yokuhlanganiswa kanye nokwamukelwa

Ukuze uthole isikhombikubona se-analog, qinisekisa ukukala, isixazululo sokufaka, isisekelo, umzila wekhebula, kanye nomthwalo we-loop. Ukuze uthole isikhombikubona sedijithali, qinisekisa amayunithi, ukuhumusha kwerejista, izinga lokubuyekeza, ukuphathwa kwedatha engavumelekile, kanye nokuphelelwa yisikhathi. Akukho sikhombikubona okuqinisekisa ngokuzenzakalelayo umphumela wokuhlola ongcono; ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kunquma ukusebenza.

Setha umthetho wesinqumo ocacile eduze kwemikhawulo yencazelo. Ukulinganisa okuseduze nomkhawulo kungadinga ibhendi yokuqapha, ukulinganisa kabusha, noma enye indlela yokuhlola, kuye ngokuthi inqubomgomo yokungaqiniseki kanye nekhwalithi evunyelwene ngayo ingakanani. Ungafihli ukuhlukaniswa okungaqinisekile ngokulinganisa ngokuphindaphindiwe kuze kuvele inani elidlulayo.

Ukuthengwa kungasebenzisa umndeni womkhiqizo we-Lanbao PDA njengomuntu ozohlolwa, ngenkathi kucelwa ishidi ledatha eliqondile lemodeli, ukucushwa kokukhipha, kanye nokuhlolwa kohlelo lokusebenza. [2] Khipha inzwa kuphela ngesisekelo esiqoshiwe, umdwebo wokufaka, ifayela lezilungiselelo, inqubo yokuqinisekisa, kanye nemiyalelo yokufaka esikhundleni. Lawo marekhodi asiza ekulondolozeni ukusebenza okuqinisekisiwe ngemva kokulungiswa.

Izinkomba

[1] Ishidi ledatha lochungechunge olunembile kakhulu lwe-Lanbao PDA CR50 kanye nezimo zokuhlola

[2] Umndeni womkhiqizo wenzwa yokufuduka kwe-laser ye-Lanbao PDA kanye nomthombo wesithombe

imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Ingabe ukuphindaphindeka kuyafana nokunemba

Cha. Ukuphindaphinda kuchaza ukuvumelana phakathi kokufundwa okuphindaphindiwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezichaziwe. Ukunemba kuphathelene nokuvumelana nenani elilinganiswayo. Ukulinganisa okuzinzile kungaveza ukuphindaphinda okuhle kakhulu kuyilapho ibanga elibikiwe lihlala lingafaneleki esinqumweni sokuhlola ngokuphelele.

Ukuphindaphindeka okwanele ngokwanele ekuhlolweni kwami

Khetha isidingo kusukela ekubekezeleni izingxenye, isabelomali sokungaqiniseki, kanye nemiphumela yokuhlukaniswa okungalungile. Qinisekisa uhlelo olufakiwe oluphelele. Inani lekhathalogi lodwa alikwazi ukusungula umkhawulo wokwamukelwa ofanele wenqubo engaziwa.

Ingabe inzwa enesisombululo sama-micrometer ayi-10 ingahlola ukubekezelelana kwama-micrometer ayi-10

Isixazululo sodwa asisekeli leso siphetho. Umsindo, ukukhetha, ukuhleleka, imiphumela yokushisa, ukuhlukahluka kwe-fixture, kanye nokuziphatha kokuthola kungase kube kukhulu kunokwenyuka okubonisiwe. Ukubekezelelana kudinga ucwaningo olufanele lwamandla okulinganisa.

Kungani ukufundwa kungazinzile kakhulu ensimbini ecwebezelayo

Izindawo ezikhanyayo zingashintsha ukukhanya okufinyelela kumukeli njengoba i-engeli noma isikhundla sishintsha. Hlola ukuqeda kwangempela kanye ne-geometry. I-engeli yokufaka ehlukile, ukuhlelwa kwe-optical, noma ubuchwepheshe benzwa kungadingeka ngemuva kokuhlolwa kohlelo lokusebenza.

Ingabe isilinganiso sihlala sithuthukisa ukuphindaphindeka

Ukulinganisa kuvame ukunciphisa ukuhlukahluka okungahleliwe okungahlobene. Akususi ngokuthembekile ukukhukhuleka noma iphutha elihlelekile, futhi kunganciphisa ukubonakala kwezici ezimfushane ezingxenyeni ezihambayo. Qhathanisa izilungiselelo ngesivinini sokukhiqiza esidingekayo.

Inzwa kufanele ihlolwe kangaki

Setha isikhawu kusukela engcupheni yenqubo, ukukhukhuleka okubonwe, indawo ezungezile, kanye nomlando wokulungisa. Hlola ngemva kokushintsha kokufakwa noma ukushintshwa kwenzwa. Ukuhlolwa kokubhekisela ezikhawulweni zokukhiqiza ezichaziwe kusiza ekwembuleni izinguquko ngaphambi kokuba zithinte inqwaba enkulu.

Yini okufanele ithunyelwe kumhlinzeki ukuze kuvivinywe okuwusizo

Nikeza izingxenye ezimele, imidwebo, ukubekezelelana, ukuhlukahluka kwendawo, imikhawulo yokufaka, isivinini somugqa, imininingwane yesilawuli, kanye nomthetho wesinqumo osifunayo. Cela izilinganiso ezingavuthiwe bese uqedela izilungiselelo ukuze isivivinyo sikwazi ukukopishwa emshinini.